Hyperbaric medicine is the use of high concentrations of oxygen at pressures higher than that of atmospheric pressure, for the treatment and management of disease.  The first documented use of hyperbaric therapy occurred in 1662 when a British physician created an airtight chamber, called a ‘domicilium’, in which the atmosphere could be compressed and decompressed using oxygen bellows and valves.

Henshaw  (The first Hyperbaric chamber)

Europe 1780 – 1840

Although it is unlikely that the physician’s patients benefited from time spent in the domicilium, his work is remarkable, particularly because it occurred before the discovery of oxygen.  In the 1800’s, hyperbaric chambers became popular throughout Europe.  The foundations of hyperbaric medicine were laid in 1872 by Paul Bert, a French engineer, physician and scientist, who wrote about the physiological effects of air under increased and decreased atmospheric pressures in La Pression Barometrique.

 

 

 

 

U.S. 1800

Dr. J. Leonard Corning built the first hyperbaric chamber in the United States in New York in 1891.  Dr. Orval Cunningham, chairman of the Department of Anesthesiology at Kansas University Medical School, became interested in hyperbaric chambers during the influenza pandemic at the end of World War I.  Over the next several years, he utilized hyperbaric chambers to treat a variety of diseases, including diabetes, arthritis and syphilis.  In 1928, Cunningham opened the largest hyperbaric chamber in the world in Cleveland, Ohio.  The medical community remained skeptical of Cunningham’s work with hyperbaric air because he failed to substantiate his claims with clinical data.

 

 

Europe 1900

Hyperbaric medicine in Europe was significantly impacted by the contribution of Dr. I. Boerema (Amsterdam 1956). Boerema has reported on the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on cardiopulmonary surgery, especially in congenital diseases such as fallot chronology, large vessel displacement and pulmonary artery narrowing. Boerema is regarded as the father of modern hyperbaric medicine.

 

 

 

 

 

History5

In the 1930s, Álvaro Osório de Almeida, a Brazilian physician, recognized the potential benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and published several papers on his work on the effects of high doses of oxygen on tumors in animals and people.  The United States Navy also conducted extensive research on the use of hyperbaric oxygen to treat decompression sickness.  A significant report on this research was published by Behnke and Shaw in 1937.  Since this time, physicians and scientists have continued to explore the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment and management of disease.

 

 

 

 

 

International Organisms of Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine (useful sites)

U.S.

Europe

Australia

Africa

Japan